Home Releases 2 (62)

LIMITING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEPENDENCY IN ONLINE CHINESE LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH CONTROLLED AUTONOMY TASKS

Linguistic Theory. Cross-cultural Communication Theory , UDC: [378.016:811.581].018.43 DOI: 10.24412/2076-913X-2026-262-222-234

Authors

  • Chistova Elena V. Dr. Sc. (Philology), docent Russian Federation Moscow

Annotation

The paper refers to the pressing issue of mitigating dependence on artificial intelligence in online Chinese language learning through tasks incorporating controlled autonomy. The author proposes a methodology aimed at minimizing the risks associated with the uncontrolled use of large language models, such as reduced cognitive load, weakened independent thinking, and the formation of an illusion of competence. The study employs a comprehensive set of methods: a survey of students and teachers, a pedagogical experiment involving 78 learners with varying levels of motivation, and an analysis of qualitative and quantitative speech parameters. The experimental group completed tasks with elements of controlled autonomy, including critical analysis of AI-generated texts, neural network prompting and methodological reflection. The control group followed a traditional approach with unrestricted access to AI. The results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach: the experimental group showed 35 % higher outcomes in material acquisition, vocabulary retention, proactivity, and the speed of communicative reactions. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a task system that transforms AI from a task-completion tool into a learning instrument that stimulates analytical thinking and deep subject engagement. The findings confirm the effectiveness of controlled autonomy methods for developing speaking skills, critical thinking, and argumentation. This approach ensures objective assessment of students’ actual knowledge and fosters academic awareness. The practical significance of the study lies in the applicability of the developed task system to online Chinese language instruction for a Russian-speaking audience. The concepts of critical analysis of AI-generated content and the cultivation of students’ academic awareness offer valuable insights for contemporary language education in general.

How to link insert

Chistova, E. V. (2026). LIMITING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEPENDENCY IN ONLINE CHINESE LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH CONTROLLED AUTONOMY TASKS Bulletin of the Moscow City Pedagogical University. Series "Pedagogy and Psychology", 2 (62), 222. https://doi.org/10.24412/2076-913X-2026-262-222-234
References
1. 1. Zhang, J., Zhou, X., & Goh, Y. S. (2025). Unpacking AI-supported Chinese as a foreign language learning: How beginner-level learners’ cognitive and motivational factors predict speaking proficiency. Acta Psychologica, (260), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105703
2. 2. Zhang, Z. (2025). The role of Artificial Intelligence tools on Chinese EFL Learners’ self-regulation, resilience and autonomy. European Journal of Education, 60(2), 1–18. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejed.70127
3. 3. Azhar1, A., & Abdullah, A. (2024). Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Language Learning Autonomy (LLA): a systematic literature review uncovering learning autonomy. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 6(6), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.31045
4. 4. Bakulina, R. A. (2025). Artificial Intelligence as a tool of academic fraud: legal and ethical aspects. Politika i Obshchestvo, (3), 61–74. https://www.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=75253 (In Russ.).
5. 5. Isaeva, T. E. (2025). Pedagogical prevention of electronic academic fraud. Koncept, (4), 249–264. http://e-koncept.ru/2025/251070.htm (In Russ.).
6. 6. Vo, T. K. A. (2025). Transforming language learning with ai: adaptive systems, engagement, and global impact, engineering proceedings, 107(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025107007
7. 7. Grigoriev, V. P. (2024). The impact of Artificial Intelligence on human cognitive functions: potential risks. Cognitive Psychology, 12(2), 45–53. (In Russ.).
8. 8. Stadler, M., Bannert, M., & Sailer, M. (2024). Cognitive ease at a cost: LLMs reduce mental effort but compromise depth in student scientific inquiry. Computers in Human Behavior, 160. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563224002541?via%-3Dihub
9. 9. Milička, J., Marklová, A., VanSlambrouck, K., Pospíšilová, E., Šimsová, J., Harvan, S., & Drobil, O. (2024). Large language models are able to downplay their cognitive abilities to fit the persona they simulate. PLoS ONE, 19(3). https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0298522
10. 10. Zemlyakova, T. A., & Zemlyakov, V. D. (2021). Advantages and disadvantages of using Artificial Intelligence in foreign language learning. Psychology and Pedagogy of Service Activities, (2), 126–129. (In Russ.).
11. 11. Ma, Y., & Chen, M. (2025). The human touch in AI: optimizing language learning through self-determination theory and teacher scaffolding. Frontiers in Psychology, (16), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1568239
12. 12. Soboleva, Zh. S., & Ukrainskaya, V. D. (2024). Possibilities of using Artificial Intelligence and neural networks in organizing Chinese language lessons. Topical Issues of Philology and Methods of Foreign Language Teaching, 18(1), 132−138. (In Russ.).
13. 13. Tikhonova, E. V., & Krayder, A. V. (2025). The use of generative AI in developing materials for teaching Chinese translation. Inostranny’e yazy’ki v shkole, (2), 33–40. (In Russ.).
14. 14. Zhao, M., & Dvoryadkina, N. A. (2024). The impact of Artificial Intelligence technology on the formation of character competence in students learning Chinese. Kant, 2(51), 441–447. (In Russ.).
15. 15. Wang, L. (2023). The application and impact of Artificial Intelligence in international Chinese language education: a case study of ChatGPT. Education Language and Sociology Research, 4(3). https://scispace.com/pdf/the-application-and-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-in-zaz8ujiz2e.pdf
16. 16. Yuan, H. (2025). Artificial intelligence in language learning: biometric feedback and adaptive reading for improved comprehension and reduced anxiety. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, (12), 556. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-025-04878-w
17. 17. Mo, Z. (2024). Artificial intelligence empowering online teaching of Chinese as a foreign language: opportunities, challenges, and future prospects. Education Insights, 1(5). https://doi.org/10.70088/nwwqch86
18. 18. Yin, F. (2024). Addressing ChatGPT Localization and Instructional Separation Challenges in Chinese Higher Education. Journal of Education. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 26, 912–919. https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/EHSS/article/view/17975
19. 19. Sysoev, P. V. (2025). Personalized foreign language learning based on Artificial Intelligence technologies. Inostranny’e yazy’ki v shkole, (2), 4–12. (In Russ.).
20. 20. Safontseva, N. Yu., & Krivenko-Bakhmutskaya, Yu. N. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in education: technological meanings and value risks. Values and Meanings, 1(95), 19–37. (In Russ.).
Download file .pdf 366.65 kb